Human factors and ergonometric Essay Example for Free

Human factors and ergonometric Essay Injuries and as well as illnesses are usual things in the workplace and back injuries is said to be about 20% of it. Around 20 to 50 billion dollars are also estimated to be lost because of back injuries per year. Due to the seriousness of the problem and its economic costs, companies are implementing different ways such as the use of back belts in order to reduce if not totally eliminate back injury cases. Today, most workers are depending on back belts, also known as back support in order to protect themselves from back injuries that may happen in the workplace. There had been some claims that the use of back belts reduces the force on the spine and increase intra-abdominal pressure that counters the force exerted on the spine. It is also said that back belts also stiffen the spine and restrict bending motion. It also helps in reminding the wearer to lift properly and thus, reduces injuries specifically back injuries in the workplace. However, according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and health or NIOSH, these claims lack scientific support and the validity and truthfulness of these claims cannot be proven. Studies done by the NIOSH also asserts that the difference in back injury incidence between those who use back belts and those who do not have no statistical significance. NIOSH also added that the strongest risk factor is the history of back injury and that the rate of having back injury of those who have history of having back injury is almost twice as the rate of workers without back injury history. Results of the study also shows that through comparing the injury claims and as well as self-reported cases failed to show any significant difference that is associated with the use of back belts even for employees who does the most strenuous type of jobs. Thus, NIOSH does recommend the use of back belts in order to reduce the cases of back injuries in the workplace. Still, although the use of back belts lack scientific evidences that it lessen the cases or the risk of having back injuries there is also no concreter evidence that will totally prove that using back belt have no effect in the performance and safety of the workers and so I will still recommend the use of back belts in the work place to reduce such cases. It would be better than using nothing at all and it may also improve the performance of the workers because they will that the company does care for their needs and safety. In order to guard the safety of the workers against back injuries any gadget is not enough. The best way to really reduce if not totally get away with back injuries is through ergonomics program that will help the workers not just to ensure their safety but as well to maximize their capabilities. Such program may include the assessment of all work activities. This is to make sure the every task in the company can be done without exceeding the worker’s physical capabilities. It is also important to provide a surveillance program that will identify any musculoskeletal problems that are potentially work related cases. Knowing those problems that may occur in the workplace will help the workers to really be cautious in certain types of works wherein the problems may originate. A medical management program is also needed as well as to monitor the workers condition and health to ensure that the workers are in good condition and to prevent not just back injury cases but other injuries and illnesses as well. Preventing the case before it is even able to develop is still the best way to eliminate such cases. Another important step that must be taken is to have a comprehensive training for all workers regarding lifting mechanics and as well techniques not just to be able to do the job better but also to do the job in a safely manner. This is not just for those who are newly hired by the company but also for those who had been working in the company for a long time. The proper ways and techniques especially in lifting are very important to prevent cases of back injuries. The use of back may not have sufficient scientific basis for its effectiveness is reducing back injury cases but there is also no concrete evidence that will disprove the claims. Also, using back belts may not just help the company regarding the issue of back injuries but it may be able to help the company in other ways. Through the use of back belts and right practice, the cases of back injuries in the work place can surely be avoided. References CCOHS. (10, November 2005). Back belt. Retrieved January 11, 2008 from http://www. ccohs. ca/oshanswers/ergonomics/back_blt. html NIOSH. (10, June 1997). Back belts do they prevent injury? Retrieved January 11, 2008 from http://www. cdc. gov/Niosh/backbelt. html NIOSH. (February 2001). Back belts. Retrieved January 11, 2008 from http://www. cdc. gov/niosh/backfs. html.

Rene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy Essays -- Existence Go

Rene Descartes' Meditations on First Philosophy Rene Descartes’ third meditation from his book Meditations on First Philosophy, examines Descartes’ arguments for the existence of God. The purpose of this essay will be to explore Descartes’ reasoning and proofs of God’s existence. In the third meditation, Descartes states two arguments attempting to prove God’s existence, the Trademark argument and the traditional Cosmological argument. Although his arguments are strong and relatively truthful, they do no prove the existence of God. At the start of the meditation, Descartes begins by rejecting all his beliefs, so that he would not be deceived by any misconceptions from reaching the truth. Descartes acknowledges himself as, â€Å"a thing that thinks: that is, a thing that doubts, affirms, denies, understands a few things, is ignorant of many things† He is certain that that he thinks and exists because his knowledge and ideas are both ‘clear and distinct’. Descartes proposes a general rule, â€Å"that whatever one perceives very clearly and very distinctly is true† Descartes discovers, â€Å"that he can doubt what he clearly and distinctly perceives is true led to the realization that his first immediate priority should be to remove the doubt† because, â€Å"no organized body of knowledge is possible unless the doubt is removed† The best probable way to remove the doubt is prove that God exists, that he is not a deceiver and â€Å"will always guarantee that any clear and d istinct ideas that enter our minds will be true.† Descartes must remove the threat of an invisible demon that inserts ideas and doubts into our minds to fool us , in order to rely on his ‘clear and distinct’ rule. In constructing his argument for God's existence, Descartes analyzes several aspects of the nature of human thought. He begins by outlining the various types of thoughts we have, which include ideas, thoughts, volitions and judgments. Ideas, or images of ideas can only exist within the mind and are certain of existence. Volitions, or choices are firmly within the mind and are also certain. Emotions, such as love, fear, hate, all exist in the mind and are certain as well. Judgments involve reference to effects outside the mind and are subject to doubt. Therefore, judgments are not certain and distinct. Descartes believes that images, volitions, and emotions are never false but it is our judg... ... God alone remains; and, given the truth of the principle that whatever exists has a cause, it follows, Descartes declares, that God exists we must of necessity conclude from the fact alone that I exist, or that the idea of a supremely perfect – that is of God – is in me, that the proof of God’s existence is grounded in the highest evidence† Descartes concludes that God must be the cause of him, and that God innately implanted the idea of infinite perfection in him. Descartes second argument for proving God’s existence is very straightforward. He has four possibilities that created his existence. Through process of elimination he is left with God being his creator. Descartes succeeded in some parts of his proof for the existence of God, but failed in proving God’s existence from a logical point of view. Most religions prove that anybody can be right in his own description of existence of God. So, Descartes is right in his own way, but to others to accept his idea is totally up to them. No one is certain that God exists. Although there are many causes that could make one believe God is for certain, those causes which might be perceived, does not necessarily make them true.

Positioning Strategy Essay

By creating product, service, channel, people and image differentiation Nestle arrives the consumer touch point more easily, effectively & efficiently in comparing with other competitors in the highly competitive food processing market. Product Differentiation : Nestle brings a many of product for target customers. They make available 25 types of minerals in Nido for children. It also arranged Cereals’ and Lactogen 1 &3 for newly born baby exclusively. Now the doctors says these products for child’s to their parents for great & maximum nutrition Nescafe is a product which contains 4 types of categories. They offer Nescafe ice for hot and warm weather, They provide Maggi including Maggi instant; Maggi 2 minutes which Includes and contain various minerals, vitamins and nutrition’s. Channel Differentiation : Nestle reach their products to the customers through their experienced market salesman and transportation. So that their products. are much easy to their customers. Image differentiation Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s logo is totally different from others competitors that are greatly choices by its users. For that way customer easily choose them in the market which is another effective benifits for Nestle products. People differentiation The company has a large number of manpower’s that are highly educated and trained. In Singapore, 400 employees are employed in market Company chairman; They are running this business successfully for a long time. Service differentiation Another advantage for this company is better service for its respective users from its competitors. They provide 24Ãâ€"7 hot line service. High quality checking is providing for its customers. Its marketing dept. and public relation dept. are working for finding out customer’s new needs and response toward their nestle products. Positioning Statement Baby Products To babies who are deprived of proper nutrition,Nido,Cerelac,Lactogen are the very nutritious milk Product that provide you more use full nutrition different from any other brand because these includes different types of vitamin, mineral etc. The strength of Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s brands has given the company an unparalleled position on a global basis across a wide range of product categories. Six worldwide corporate brands, Nestlà ©, Nescafà ©, Nestea, Maggi, Buitoni and Friskies contribute about 70% of the group’s total sales, with the Nestlà © brand itself contributing 40%. These brands are the first choice of consumers around the world, whether as stand alone brands or in combination with product brands such as KitKat and LC1. Nestlà © also owns regional and national brands with which consumers have a close and often longstanding familiarity. These brands enable consumers to express their individuality and to respect their traditions whilst still enjoying the quality of a Nestlà © product and, as such, are key elements of the Nestlà © portfolio. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s brands and products are the focus of continual innovation and renovation so that they will be relevant and appealing to today’s and tomorrow’s consumers. As important as ensuring that our brands meet and beat our consumers’ expectations is ensuring that they are available whenever, wherever and however our consumers Milo, Maggi face, and Nescafe are some familiar names that have been around for a really long time in our lives. They are so close to us that in one way  or another, we are dependent on them, thanks to their mother company, Nestle. We grew up with Nestle as part of our lives, and it plays the role of a loyal partner and witness of our story. In 1865, Swiss chemist Henri Nestle took the lead in the invention of a baby food that combines cereal with milk. It started when a friend with a premature baby was brought to Henri Nestle. The baby could not eat because of extreme physical weakness, leading his parents to abandon him. Kindness led Henri Nestle to decide to care for the child, and feed him by developing their own cereal with milk. This gradually helped restore the baby to health. The good news quickly spread in the local community. Some mothers found that the cereal with milk helped solve the problems of their children who do not drink milk. Later, this â€Å"magic† spread all over the world. A very popular, high-quality food that helps children grow up healthy. In 1867, Henri Nestle decided to create a parenting formula company. He branded his products with his name, which actually when translated in English means â€Å"comfortable† and â€Å"snuggle†; Nestle naturally makes people think of a loving mother feeding her baby, a scene that insinuates a better life. Name and Trademark In 1905, the Nestle Baby Formula Company merged with a food company in the United States to develop condensed milk called Nestle Enrich. In 1949 they purchased another Swiss company, thereby changing their name to the Nestle Food Company. In the early 1900s, the company began to diversify production, acquisition and the establishment of the enterprise around the world. Now, Nestle is the world’s largest food manufacturer with more than 500 factories in more than 80 countries around the world. They employ nearly 255,000 R & D personnel in the world. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s global annual sales reach more than $ 47.7 billion, of which approximately 95% comes from food sales; the main products being instant coffee (Nescafe), condensed milk, powdered milk, baby food, cheese, chocolate products, candy, and instant tea. Overall, the name â€Å"Nestle† did not cost much to think about. Henri Nestle used his own name for the brand and trademark; the patterns of which naturally lead people to relate it with healthy and nutritious products. It does not only have a rich connotation, it is also in full compliance with the basic requirements of the trademark positioning. First, Nestle is significant because it is a strong brand name. It leaves a deep impression with people, generating loyalty. Secondly, the name is a general reflection of its company. Everyone knows the brand name Nestle; Henri Nestle established and strengthened the company’s image; their trademarks become the general public’s perception on their products, synonymous with the company’s uniqueness in the world. Furthermore, the Nestle name and trademarks are closely integrated and conceivable. As a result, Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s brand shows strategic positioning. Human Marketing Strategy Positioning highlights the value of your products and the greater benefits it brings to consumers, stressing its superiority over other similar goods. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s milk powder and coffee has the content and quality of the brand, both related to health and nutrition. Coffee to a large number of consumers brings â€Å"comfort† and â€Å"ease†, as their milk products bring the same for infants. The emotional positioning symbolic of their products to consumers is prominent, using it to arouse consumer sympathy, trust, love and other emotional resonance. The brand adapts to the changes in consumer psychology. The Nestle name and trademarks inject emotion, imagery, and establishes a good brand and corporate image. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s success is a natural result of multiple factors. Implementation of marketing strategy is an important factor. As are production, brand, quality control, and the main raw materials used. Administrative rights are basically in charge of the national companies, they have the right to determine each product’s final shape in accordance with national requirements. This means that it is necessary to maintain fully  decentralized operations, but with consistency. In order to achieve this dual purpose, it is important to maintain a delicate balance. This is a balance between international operations and the local country operations, and also the international and local communication. Proper cascading of information is required in order to properly implement new policies. Nestle has three factors that ensure involvement in the presentation of the company’s strategy, brand marketing strategies and product details: 1. LABELLING STANDARDS – A label standardization which is a guiding document consisting of various elements that clarifies rules and standards. An example of which is the specifications of the Nescafe logo, font and color, as well as various details that measure its proportions. This document also lists the various product label legends; it is recommended that each branch or office use these labels as early as possible. 2. PACKAGE DESIGNMANUAL – The packaging design manual provides a guide that allows a more flexible use of their files. It presents a variety of different ways of using their existing standards. For example, in the form of packaging materials and options. 3. BRANDING STRATEGY – Brand strategy includes the Nestle product marketing principles. These features include: brand personality, image expectations, company contacts, the brand, involved visual features of the other two files, and brand development. Corporate Culture and Solidarity Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s decision-makers recognize that economic globalization has led corporate marketing activities and organizational mechanisms to shift the focus of their work. The marketing department of the company is divided into direct operation, and smaller, multiple operations department. Each of the operations department have the independence and flexibility to operate in the market and make timely contingency decisions, but subject to the overall  strategy of the enterprise. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s module portfolio strategy allows each branch to operate independently in the market, giving them the right to take a unique strategy, but with proper coordination with the company headquarters. Nestle employees have always been a key factor in bringing the Nestle spirit to life. It is this spirit that led Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s development from a rural workshop to today’s world leader in food companies. Their staff is Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s most valuable wealth. The excellent performance of the Nestle Group today stems from the strong efforts and loyalty of employees around the world. As a company committed to producing high-quality food, and creating a better life, Nestle is also very concerned about their employees. Nestle has become an employer of choice because of the respectful relationship formed between the managers and employees of Nestle; it is non-discriminating of any ethnicity, race, religion, and gender, with respect for cultural and social diversity. Nestle firmly believes in a combination of local and international talent played to the best of their potential and ability, in order to provide consumers with quality Nestlà © products and brands whenever and wherever.

Climate Change We Must Reclaim Energy from Wastewater Essay

Reclaiming Clean Energy from Wastewater As the Earth becomes more developed many changes in the environment are becoming apparent. These changes are unexpected and often faced with opposition from skeptics. One of these problems is climate change, also known as global warming. Global warming is caused by the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases are produced on a large scale by combustion of fossil fuels. A major contributor to greenhouse emissions is the combustion of coal, oil, and gas in power plants. Many options to fossil fuels as a source of energy have been suggested, but with increasing energy demands our society is reluctant to risk a change. Alternatives such as wind energy, nuclear power, and†¦show more content†¦Reductions in greenhouse gas and criteria pollutant emissions will have a myriad of effects that will benefit humanity. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The decrease in fossil fuel combustion will benefit humanity by reducing global warming and by improving health of individuals. According to Plan B the raise in world temperatures could lead to increased intensity and occurrence of severe storms, the raise of sea levels, and the increased occurrence of heat waves. These factors adversely affect tourism, insurance, and agriculture (Brown). The raise of sea levels even only one meter will displace millions of people. Heat waves have killed thousands of people in the last few decades. These are severe complications that arise with global warming, this alone should encourage governments to shift focus from fossil fuels to clean energy sources. This is not where the benefits of clean energy stop. The health of all humans is affected by other byproducts of combustion of fossil fuels, the criteria pollutants. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The combustion of fossil fuels releases toxic substances in addition to greenhouse gases. Nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, ozone, particulates, and carbon monoxide are all products of fossil fuel combustion (Moore). These criteria pollutants all adversely affect human respiratory systems increasing the occurrences of asthma, respiratory infections, andShow MoreRelatedThe Global Wine Industry2541 Words   |  10 Pageswas dedicated to the gods for a good harvest and riches. Wine which was considered a simple and a limited drink became an industry of its own generating millions in profit and having a huge consumer base with different tastes and aspirations. The changes as well as the differences in the age groups who are becoming the major markets for wine producers have created visible and different market trends that cannot be ignored. These trends also affect the global market, as well as economies of many CountiesRead MoreWater Conservation3328 Words   |  14 Pagesessential for life on earth. Water is needed  for growing food, keeping ourselves clean, generating  power,  controlling  fire and most importantly to stay alive! This list is simply non-ending. This shows that water is an integral part of our daily life and we are heavily dependent on it.   Water conservation  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Refers to reducing the usage of water and recycling of waste water for different purposes such as cleaning,  manufacturing, and agricultural  irrigation. Water conservation can be defined as: Read MoreOf Need and Greed2202 Words   |  9 PagesInternational Conference on New Renewable Energy Development The Rector The university of saint Joseph The speakers’ hall 27 october 2011 of need greed The story of the City of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania is, perhaps, the best example of how to manage existing and dwindling resources at a time of reduced means. On the other hand, the panorama of new and renewable energy today is filled with mostly mega projects, and assumed solutions that are only that, assumed. No matter whatRead MoreConcepts And Practices Of Sustainability And Green Architecture3239 Words   |  13 Pagessame time and crowned the work by green buildings. Green buildings generally use 50% - 75% less energy than conventional construction. therefore, in order to find solutions to environmental problems and economic plaguing the construction sector we urgently need to change traditional patterns used in the design and implementation of buildings to make them more sustainable, and this required change must begin quickly to provide indoor environment comfortable and clean (healthy) and more sustainability